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American Journal of Innovative Research & Applied Sciences
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| | ARTICLES | Am. J. innov. res. appl. sci. Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 84-92 (March 2019) |
| Research Article |
American Journal of innovative
Research & Applied Sciences
Research & Applied Sciences
ISSN 2429-5396 (Online)
OCLC Number: 920041286
OCLC Number: 920041286
| MARCH 8 | N° 3 | 2019 |
Authors Contact.
*Correspondant author and authors Copyright © 2019:
| Ilene Mahfoud 1 | Borhan Jabbour 2 | and | Razan Soulaiman 1 |
*Correspondant author and authors Copyright © 2019:
| Ilene Mahfoud 1 | Borhan Jabbour 2 | and | Razan Soulaiman 1 |
Affiliation.
1. Ecology and Forestry Department | Faculty of Agriculture | Tishreen University | Lattakia | Syria |
2. Agriculture Research Center | Lattakia | Syria |
1. Ecology and Forestry Department | Faculty of Agriculture | Tishreen University | Lattakia | Syria |
2. Agriculture Research Center | Lattakia | Syria |
This article is made freely available as part of this journal's Open Access: ID | Ilene-ManuscriptRef.1-ajira010319 |
ABSTRACT
Background: Climatic changes have a strong influence on the forest ecology, the eastern coast of Mediterranean is one of the most sensitive regions to climatic change in the world, especially for forests and the distribution of their species. Objectives: This research aimed to assess the impact of two climatic factors changes (temperature, rainfall) on Cedrus libani on the Syrian coast (Slenfeh, Jaobet_Berkal, Qadmous and Dweer- Ruslan) during the period 1960-2010. Methods: The indicators of analysis, range and trend of changes for temperature and rainfall were determined during the period 1960-2010 at the seasonal and annual scales, the drought was also evaluated using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) during the same period. The growth of Cedrus libani stands was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which was obtained from the MODIS images during the period 2001-2010. Regression models were established between temperature averages, rainfall amount and (Standardized Precipitation Index) SPI on the one hand, and with NDVI on the other hand, which was calculated for the growth season at different temporal scales. Results: The analyses showed a significant increase in the average of annual temperature only in Qadmous and a significant seasonally increase in summer temperature for all sites, however the Autumn, Winter in Qadmous and Spring in Jaobet_Berkal were no significant. The annual rainfall has decreased significantly in Slenfeh and Jaobet_Berkal, while the seasonal analyses have shown a significant rainfall decrease in Spring in all studied sites, and only on winter at Jaobet-Berkal and in Summer at Slenfeh. The results have shown an ascending trend line for annual drought in Slenfeh Jaobet- Berkal and Qadmous. And a negative effect of increasing in temperature average of February and July, January- February, February- March, and January- February- March on natural C. libani stands growth in Slenfeh. In the others sites (Jaobet-Berkal, Qadmous and Dweer- Ruslan) there were no significant effects of the temperature change on the artificial C. libani stands growth. There was also no significant effect of the rainfall change on C. libani stands growth in all studied sites. It was observed that the increasing of humidity in January and December had affected positively the growth in Slenfeh and Jaobet- Borkal, while the increasing of humidity in the Autumn had a positive effect on stands growth in Slenfeh Conclusion: It was essential to identify the effect of climatic changes on one of the most important patrimonial species in Syria, so this study represents a key step to determine the difficulties which C. libani stands face to survive.
Keywords: Drought, rainfall, temperature, cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI).
Background: Climatic changes have a strong influence on the forest ecology, the eastern coast of Mediterranean is one of the most sensitive regions to climatic change in the world, especially for forests and the distribution of their species. Objectives: This research aimed to assess the impact of two climatic factors changes (temperature, rainfall) on Cedrus libani on the Syrian coast (Slenfeh, Jaobet_Berkal, Qadmous and Dweer- Ruslan) during the period 1960-2010. Methods: The indicators of analysis, range and trend of changes for temperature and rainfall were determined during the period 1960-2010 at the seasonal and annual scales, the drought was also evaluated using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) during the same period. The growth of Cedrus libani stands was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which was obtained from the MODIS images during the period 2001-2010. Regression models were established between temperature averages, rainfall amount and (Standardized Precipitation Index) SPI on the one hand, and with NDVI on the other hand, which was calculated for the growth season at different temporal scales. Results: The analyses showed a significant increase in the average of annual temperature only in Qadmous and a significant seasonally increase in summer temperature for all sites, however the Autumn, Winter in Qadmous and Spring in Jaobet_Berkal were no significant. The annual rainfall has decreased significantly in Slenfeh and Jaobet_Berkal, while the seasonal analyses have shown a significant rainfall decrease in Spring in all studied sites, and only on winter at Jaobet-Berkal and in Summer at Slenfeh. The results have shown an ascending trend line for annual drought in Slenfeh Jaobet- Berkal and Qadmous. And a negative effect of increasing in temperature average of February and July, January- February, February- March, and January- February- March on natural C. libani stands growth in Slenfeh. In the others sites (Jaobet-Berkal, Qadmous and Dweer- Ruslan) there were no significant effects of the temperature change on the artificial C. libani stands growth. There was also no significant effect of the rainfall change on C. libani stands growth in all studied sites. It was observed that the increasing of humidity in January and December had affected positively the growth in Slenfeh and Jaobet- Borkal, while the increasing of humidity in the Autumn had a positive effect on stands growth in Slenfeh Conclusion: It was essential to identify the effect of climatic changes on one of the most important patrimonial species in Syria, so this study represents a key step to determine the difficulties which C. libani stands face to survive.
Keywords: Drought, rainfall, temperature, cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI).
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STUDY OF LONG–TERM CLIMATIC CHANGES EFFECTS ON CEDAR OF LEBANON (Cedrus libani A. Rich) STANDS (SYRIA) USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES
| Ilene Mahfoud 1 | Borhan Jabbour 2 | and | Razan Soulaiman 1 |. Am. J. innov. res. appl. sci. 2019; 8(3):84-92.
| PDF FULL TEXT | | XML FILE | | Received | 01 February 2019 | | Accepted | 08 March 2019 | | Published | 15 March 2019 |
| Ilene Mahfoud 1 | Borhan Jabbour 2 | and | Razan Soulaiman 1 |. Am. J. innov. res. appl. sci. 2019; 8(3):84-92.
| PDF FULL TEXT | | XML FILE | | Received | 01 February 2019 | | Accepted | 08 March 2019 | | Published | 15 March 2019 |