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| | ARTICLES | Am. J. innov. res. appl. sci. Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages 338-342 (October 2019) |
| Research Article |
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American Journal of innovative
Research & Applied Sciences
Research & Applied Sciences
ISSN 2429-5396 (Online)
OCLC Number: 920041286
OCLC Number: 920041286
| HOME || ABOUT US || ARCHIVES || AIMS AND SCOP || AUTHORS || REVIEW|| SUBMIT MANUSCRIPT || EDITORIAL BOARD || CONTACT US |
| OCTOBER | VOLUME 9 | N° 4 | 2019 |
| Info-AJIRAS-® Journal ISSN 2429-5396 (Online) / Reference CIF/15/0289M |
American Journal of Innovative Research & Applied Sciences
Authors Contact
*Correspondant author and authors Copyright © 2019:
| Nadia Faska 1.* |
Affiliation.
University of Yaoundé I | Faculty of Science | Department of Plant Biology | Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbiology | Yaoundé | Cameroon |
This article is made freely available as part of this journal's Open Access: ID |Zachee-Ref.1-ajira260819 |
*Correspondant author and authors Copyright © 2019:
| Nadia Faska 1.* |
Affiliation.
University of Yaoundé I | Faculty of Science | Department of Plant Biology | Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbiology | Yaoundé | Cameroon |
This article is made freely available as part of this journal's Open Access: ID |Zachee-Ref.1-ajira260819 |
ABSTRACT
Background: Since the beginning of the 20th century, agronomic research on cocoa cultivation is focused on the formulation of an ideal ecological environment for the cocoa to best express its potential. Objectives: This study aims to contribute to the understanding of agroforestry systems based on cocoa trees (ASBCT) and evaluate agro-ecological factors involved in the development of cocoa black pod disease in central region of Cameroon. Methods: Four plantations (ASBCT 1; 2; 3 and 4) of more than 1 ha were selected. Four plots of 1250 m² were defined in each plantation that makes 16 plots in total, in which the observations were made in three periods during 2015 (April, July and October). The work consisted to determine the density of plant species, spatial structures, level of shading, assess the epidemiological parameters of cocoa black pod disease (incidence and severity) and to evaluate the cocoa production by counting pods. Results: The results show that cocoa is still the most abundant species in the ASBCT studied with an average representation of 91.28 %, while fruit, forest trees, and others plants (Arecaceae and Musaceae) were represented respectively 3.91; 3.18 and 1.63 %. Mapping reveals three types of spatial structures in each ASBCT (regular structure for cocoa, random and aggregated for fruit and forest trees). Tree level of shading were determine: dense shading (ASBCT 2); Average shading (ASBCT 1 and 3); light shading (ASBCT 4). This level of shading decrease according to passing from aggregated structures to regular structures. The incidence of black pod varies from 9 to 26.08 % overall in the ASBCT. The disease severity on pods is very high in the ASBCT and ranges from 39.61 to 86.21 %. This incidences and severities decrease proportionally with the level of shade, tree density and the horizontal spatial structure of ASBCT. Nevertheless these parameters are inversely proportional to healthy pod production. Conclusion: this work has improved understanding of the ecological mechanisms involved in the regulation of black pod disease across the plantation and offers prospects for their agro-ecological management.
Keywords: agroforestry systems based on cocoa trees, cocoa, spatial structure, shade, black pod disease
Background: Since the beginning of the 20th century, agronomic research on cocoa cultivation is focused on the formulation of an ideal ecological environment for the cocoa to best express its potential. Objectives: This study aims to contribute to the understanding of agroforestry systems based on cocoa trees (ASBCT) and evaluate agro-ecological factors involved in the development of cocoa black pod disease in central region of Cameroon. Methods: Four plantations (ASBCT 1; 2; 3 and 4) of more than 1 ha were selected. Four plots of 1250 m² were defined in each plantation that makes 16 plots in total, in which the observations were made in three periods during 2015 (April, July and October). The work consisted to determine the density of plant species, spatial structures, level of shading, assess the epidemiological parameters of cocoa black pod disease (incidence and severity) and to evaluate the cocoa production by counting pods. Results: The results show that cocoa is still the most abundant species in the ASBCT studied with an average representation of 91.28 %, while fruit, forest trees, and others plants (Arecaceae and Musaceae) were represented respectively 3.91; 3.18 and 1.63 %. Mapping reveals three types of spatial structures in each ASBCT (regular structure for cocoa, random and aggregated for fruit and forest trees). Tree level of shading were determine: dense shading (ASBCT 2); Average shading (ASBCT 1 and 3); light shading (ASBCT 4). This level of shading decrease according to passing from aggregated structures to regular structures. The incidence of black pod varies from 9 to 26.08 % overall in the ASBCT. The disease severity on pods is very high in the ASBCT and ranges from 39.61 to 86.21 %. This incidences and severities decrease proportionally with the level of shade, tree density and the horizontal spatial structure of ASBCT. Nevertheless these parameters are inversely proportional to healthy pod production. Conclusion: this work has improved understanding of the ecological mechanisms involved in the regulation of black pod disease across the plantation and offers prospects for their agro-ecological management.
Keywords: agroforestry systems based on cocoa trees, cocoa, spatial structure, shade, black pod disease
*Corresponding author Author & Copyright Author © 2019: | Zachee Ambang |. All Rights Reserved. All articles published in American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences are the property of Atlantic Center Research
Sciences, and is protected by copyright laws CC-BY. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
| Zachee Ambang * | Sylvere Landry Dida Lontsi | Billy Herve Kiam | Stephane Bernard Angoula | Angèle Ndogho Pegalepo | and | Serge Bertrand Mboussi |. Am. J. innov. res. appl. sci.
2019; 9(4):338-342.
| PDF FULL TEXT | | XML FILE | | Received | 26 August 2019 | | Accepted | 17 October 2019 | | Published | 23 October 2019 |