This Article is made freely available as part of this journal's Open Access.ID: |Akinyeye ManuscritRef.6-AJIRAS250716 |
Authors Copyright © 2015: | Akinyeye Richard Odunayo 1, 2 | Pereao Omoniyi1, 2 | Petrik Leslie2 | and | Olaofe Olorunfemi1 |
Authors Affiliation:
1 Ekiti State University | Department of Chemistry | Ado- Ekiti, P.M.B 5363 |Nigeria |
2 University of the Western Cape | Environmental and Nanoscience Research Group | Bellville | 7535, P.M.B. X17 | South Africa |
Authors Affiliation:
1 Ekiti State University | Department of Chemistry | Ado- Ekiti, P.M.B 5363 |Nigeria |
2 University of the Western Cape | Environmental and Nanoscience Research Group | Bellville | 7535, P.M.B. X17 | South Africa |
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| | ARTICLES | Am. J. innov. res. appl. sci. Volume 2, Issue 9, Pages 391-404 (September 2016) |
| Research Article |
| September | VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2016 |
| Info-AJIRAS-® Journal ISSN 2429-5396 (Online) / Reference
CIF/15/0289M |
CIF/15/0289M |
COMPARATIVE CHEMICAL AND TRACE ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF COAL SAMPLES FROM NIGERIA AND SOUTH AFRICA
| Akinyeye Richard Odunayo 1, 2 | Pereao Omoniyi1, 2 | Petrik Leslie2 | and | Olaofe Olorunfemi1 |. Am. J. innov. res. appl. sci. 2016; 2(9):391-404.
| PDF FULL TEXT | |Received | 25 July 2016| |Accepted | 30 July 2016| |Published 20 August 2016 |
| Akinyeye Richard Odunayo 1, 2 | Pereao Omoniyi1, 2 | Petrik Leslie2 | and | Olaofe Olorunfemi1 |. Am. J. innov. res. appl. sci. 2016; 2(9):391-404.
| PDF FULL TEXT | |Received | 25 July 2016| |Accepted | 30 July 2016| |Published 20 August 2016 |
ABSTRACT
Background-The increasing use of coal as an energy source, the management of the resulting fly ash and the environmental issues and impacts of the trace elements released from coal combustion have become a great concern to life preservation and sustainability. Objectives-The objective is to chemically, geochemically and mineralogically characterise coals from two contrasting environments (Nigeria and South Africa) including fly ash from a South African coal combustion plant and the data obtained were used to elucidate similarities and differences between the studied coals. Methods- Moisture content, volatile matter, ash content and the Ultimate analysis of the samples were investigated. A comparative chemical analysis of South African Coal (SAC), Nigerian Coal (NGC) and the fly ash from SAC samples were individually investigated using these techniques: X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA-ICPMS) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results-The bulk chemical composition as determined by XRF showed high concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3 in both SAC and NGC samples. The major oxides identified for the electric precipitated fly ash includes SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, MgO and TiO2. Thirty seven (37) trace elements were analysed for in the samples with varying concentrations from 0 to over 100 mg/Kg. The SAC samples with concentrations greater than 100 mg/Kg in the SAC were Ba, Sr and As; and for NGC; As, Co, Zr, and W were identified. The trace elements in the fly ash which showed concentrations greater than 100 mg/Kg includes Ba, Ce, Sr, Zr, Cr and V. Enrichment of Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn, U, Th and V was observed in the SAC fly ash analysed when compared with the source SAC sample, attesting to the relative higher relative densities of the metals. Conclusions-The SAC and NGC coals samples used in this study can be classified as medium volatile bituminous coal and a comparably low percentage ash was generated for the NGC and SAC samples. There is an indication of negligible amounts of sulphur in the samples.
Keywords: Nigerian coal, South African coal, Coal fly ash, Major oxides, Trace elements, Mineralogy.
Background-The increasing use of coal as an energy source, the management of the resulting fly ash and the environmental issues and impacts of the trace elements released from coal combustion have become a great concern to life preservation and sustainability. Objectives-The objective is to chemically, geochemically and mineralogically characterise coals from two contrasting environments (Nigeria and South Africa) including fly ash from a South African coal combustion plant and the data obtained were used to elucidate similarities and differences between the studied coals. Methods- Moisture content, volatile matter, ash content and the Ultimate analysis of the samples were investigated. A comparative chemical analysis of South African Coal (SAC), Nigerian Coal (NGC) and the fly ash from SAC samples were individually investigated using these techniques: X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA-ICPMS) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results-The bulk chemical composition as determined by XRF showed high concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3 in both SAC and NGC samples. The major oxides identified for the electric precipitated fly ash includes SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, MgO and TiO2. Thirty seven (37) trace elements were analysed for in the samples with varying concentrations from 0 to over 100 mg/Kg. The SAC samples with concentrations greater than 100 mg/Kg in the SAC were Ba, Sr and As; and for NGC; As, Co, Zr, and W were identified. The trace elements in the fly ash which showed concentrations greater than 100 mg/Kg includes Ba, Ce, Sr, Zr, Cr and V. Enrichment of Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn, U, Th and V was observed in the SAC fly ash analysed when compared with the source SAC sample, attesting to the relative higher relative densities of the metals. Conclusions-The SAC and NGC coals samples used in this study can be classified as medium volatile bituminous coal and a comparably low percentage ash was generated for the NGC and SAC samples. There is an indication of negligible amounts of sulphur in the samples.
Keywords: Nigerian coal, South African coal, Coal fly ash, Major oxides, Trace elements, Mineralogy.